Clicker Question

Firstly I was not able to attend the past class so any help and suggestions for my questions would be great!

The Question:

What is the proper equation for photosynthesis?

a) CO₂ + H₂O + Energy = C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O_2
b) C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂+ Energy = 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
_{c) 4}CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy = C8H₁₀O₆ + 4O_2
d)6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy = C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O<sub>2
e)None of the Above


This was not revised because I was not in class but if there is a more effective way to use this question please let me know. 


Update: After reading the paper by Beatty et al (2006) I had decided to add e) none of the above to trick up the question and ad the oops-go-back design to the question</sub>

Technology use

Is there an effective format of using current technology such as smart phones or iPads that can be interactive within the classroom? such as an app to use rather then clickers? or to instantly text responses to questions? I figure the use of these technologies are already an everyday part of the students life so why not embrace them rather then think of them as a negative technology or distraction.

Class Assignment Reflection

building a unit for a subject was extremely difficult to start. our group had to figure out where our starting point was. The starting point only emerged after we decided what it was that the students had to have previous knowledge of. Since we are talking about education this is a very important starting point but can be difficult to know.

I believe surveys or pretest are the best way to know of prior knowledge and build upon what is known by a student. We can usually assume that a student knows prior concepts to build upon, but assuming can be dangerous and there could be no further learning done.

I think this is why backwards design is an important tool so that the "big picture" is known prior to constructing a unit. However formative assessment is important to incorporate and could be explained to a colleague that real time feedback can be given in order to  adjust teaching strategy and deeper learning can take place.

Practice Interview

My interview went very well, I found I had an issue in the ordering of questions. After rearranging some questioning I found some good points for prompting further understanding, and some sub questions incase I felt the interviewee needed to elaborate further.

I thought that being interviewed for a subject I didn't know very much about (A&P) very difficult, but could see how it was helpful. My partner seemed to know much more about my subject then I did hers. overall a great exercise for practicing and getting a better feel for how the interview may go.

First Draft Interview Questions

The big question; what is known/understood about wildlife management?

1.     What does wildlife management mean to you?

2.     How do you think predatory species play a role in current wildlife populations?

3.     What ecological components do you think need to be addressed when constructing a wildlife management area?

4.     When managing an area inhabited by an endangered species what precautions should be addressed?

5.     Why is population control important?

6.     Do you understand the importance of carrying capacity?

7.     What constitutes a species to be known as endangered?

8.     What is the difference between a protected species and an endangered species?

9.     Can a species be managed improperly? If so what could be negative impacts on the population as a whole?

10. Scenario:  if breeding grounds for a population of migratory birds is over populated what would the consequences be if not managed properly? How would you manage this population in order to combat the over population?

11. Scenario: a breeding pair of bald eagles (protected species) has constructed a nest near a river that is in close proximity to a ranch that has chickens and small farm animals. The rancher is concerned about the eagles predating upon her animals and seeks your professional advice as a wildlife manager. What would you say or explain to the rancher?

12. When given a blank piece of paper the student will construct a small wildlife management area and should show components of basic needs for a species. The basic needs that could be shown would be food, shelter, sustainable habitat, landscape etc. 

What is Learning? (Revisited)

I think after class I found myself more confused about what learning is rather then informed. after reflecting on it for a bit I have decided learning is really an individual action. As individuals we have different life experiences that shape our idea and cognitive ways of learning.

I thought it was interesting how many students cited dictionary definitions of learning in theirs blogs, while others chose to go straight into their own definition of learning. In the reading of "How People Learn" the author spoke about ethnic groups view of learning styles. I believe this was shown in the assignment, maybe not by ethnicity but definitely culturally. The author made an example of African American teachers being more susceptible to students telling a story and relating it to something they had learned in class, and a white teacher viewing the same students as a weak student and vice versa. I think the has shown through the assignment by some students going straight for the dictionary to define learning and then expanding on the idea.

Teaching Philosophy Reflections

I will have to admit even after reading others philosophies I there is still not much I would change about my own. that is not to say over time my philosophy would evolve to something different then I have written originally, but at this point I would not change much.

I think the biggest reasoning for less change as I have reflected is because we teaching philosophies and disciplines are very different. I guess you could say to each his own! As a class we all have different interests and aspirations so it makes sense that teaching philosophies are very different. I think the larger problem would be is if we all had similar philosophies we could then say we are programed like robots rather then individuals.

What is Learning?

Learning is a process of combining skills with resources and knowledge obtained from multiple sources about a given subject. When most people think of learning it is usually associated with school at all levels, but learning should be occurring on a constant basis. Learning is simply obtaining information from environment and external sources that is constantly being processed and associated for future reference. For example, it would be foolish to pick up a log that is glowing red with ambers from a bonfire, but this only seems foolish because we have learned we will be harmed if we were to attempt this. If a very small child attempted this it is assumed they "did not know any better" or did not learn of the consequences.

Learning is a constant function happening sometimes unknowingly. I struggle with learning only being associated with school because on a daily basis I hear people state "oh, I didn't know that", in fact I use the phrase a lot myself. I have also herd many people make the statement that television just rots the mind, apparently these people have never watched the National Geographic Channel or the show MANswers. The point is that information can be useful no matter what the medium is, and we will disseminate weather the information is useful or not on an individual basis. For example, is it imperative to my survival that I know how to sing itsy bitsy spider? or that I know Lindsey Lohan had court today?

Learning is simply processing information at an individual level and making the decision; is the information I just received useful enough to be retained. Using the bonfire as an example again, we take away a life long lesson that grabbing an amber filled log will burn us as useful information. We could later build upon that same information by using tools to move the same log instead of our hands. This concept is no different learning in an educational institution. We learn at a young age about biology. We learn that when we get cut the wound needs to be taken care of, it is not until later in life we learn the importance of wound care, yet we know how to care for the wound before we know why. In biological sciences we learn in elementary years of distinguishing between living and non-living organisms, to middle school learning about the cells within living organisms, then in high school the interaction of cells and the processes occurring within cells. At the college level of learning cell biology there are many avenues to apply the base information and then funneling the scope of information to a specific area such as medicine, microbiology, or even zoology. The important point of learning is the decision made by an individual; what information is useful to retain? and how to retain the information presented.

Teaching Philosophy

I find that teaching must be an evolutionary process similar to evolutionary theory in biology. I have learned from past experiences as an adjunct college professor and a middle school science teacher that there are not parallels in class dynamics. I feel a teacher must evolve to each class setting by selecting class traits and niches for individual students so they can retain useful information that can be built upon.

As in biological evolutionary theory phenotypic traits are recognized and passed on through generations. I think as a teacher this same theory can be applied by recognizing what students have retained from previous learning and build upon that knowledge. This type of approach gives me the ability to adapt because I feel that even though I could teach the same course a thousand times, it should have a thousand different dynamics while covering the same material.

I have had the experience of learning from excellent instructors, but inversely extremely bad instructors as well. I am not a “worksheet person”, meaning I do not retain any information I read and then fill it out on a piece of paper. I have learned that discussion through lecture and reading material work best n my learning, so I have developed my teaching philosophy based upon this. I think if theory and concepts can be discussed in real world examples, or applied in a personal way to a student they are more likely to retain that information by making a connection within their mind.

I feel this approach has helped me to retain information in my education but it is not a concept I can take credit for. While at an internship in Washington DC I found a poster at the museum of natural history of Albert Einstein and it quoted;

 “Imagination ... is more important than knowledge. Knowledge is limited. Imagination encircles the world”

This quotation has always resonated with me because I think as an instructor it is our job to embrace and initiate imagination for a given subject. Imaginary thinking allows the student to view a concept from several views and thereby retaining the information through personal connection. This is also a useful for research purposes by grasping concepts and teaching the student that it is ok to think outside the box.

This style of teaching can be assessed in several ways but is directly dependent upon class size and the number of sections being taught. I think it would be difficult to assess this style of teaching and retention in a large lecture hall setting, but not impossible. The best practice would be essay questions that probe critical thinking and imagination. For example, in a wildlife management class an exam question may be; if you encountered an over population of deer what management strategies would you use to lower the population? This type of question has the student think about what they have learned and discussed in class while using their imagination knowing that there are multiple answers to this question. The limitation to this type of assessment is a very large class size. This is where the evolutionary process for an instructor would be relevant.

For an instructor to be successful I think the student needs to be able to walk away from a course still thinking about the concepts that were covered. Evolving as an instructor and constantly changing instruction methods for each class is essential and making a connection with as many individual students as possible is key. I have recognized that not all students come from the same background or social setting; this is where divergence in evolutionary theory comes into play.

 When I recognize a cultural divergence I apply an environment where all students will thrive. Providing an equal environment can sometimes be challenging so as a professor it is important to play upon the thoughts of the students, perhaps by playing the “bad guy” and imposing a theory or concept that makes absolutely no sense to anyone. This could be viewed as a cat and mouse game because it brings the students on a united front against one person, me, so as a class they can bring ideas together and nullify a statement I have made. I feel this empowers the student as an individual, and provides inclusion with the majority thinking within the classroom, there by creating convergence as a community rather then competing individuals. 

Interesting Points of Reading

I found it tough to reflect on one particular point I found interesting from the reading, mostly because I could directly self identify with the material. Coming from a cultural perspective I have presented personal viewpoints about this subject  to Native American serving institutions so they could better understand how to effectively communicate and teach.

Many Native American Students are easily identified as dualists, as I have been, and still am at times. Cognitively as children, many Native people are taught concepts in a hands on setting using examples and displays for learning. This style of learning is nurtured in tribal K-12 schools and creates many difficulties in large university settings because the learning style is drastically different.

Cultural differences also contribute to dualism characterization because many Native Americans are raised  with common teachings among tribes. A large one that I personally have trouble with overcoming is making direct eye contact with people. For many Native Americans making direct eye contact with someone is an act of aggression, which is why many times when I speak to people it is respectful to sit and listen or look else where when speaking. In western society this is not the case and most people are taught to look people in the eye when speaking to them.

A second characteristic among Native people is to remain quiet and listen respectively unless asked to speak. This makes learning and asking questions for Native students difficult to overcome. This was the point I found myself in the reading material of Chapter 8. For myself I have learned to separate my professional life and my personal life to accommodate two styles of learning as well as teaching.